The transition from linear to circular business paradigms represents a critical evolution in sustainable economic practices, offering pathways to enhance resource efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and generate multi-stakeholder value. This paper critically examines the design, implementation, and performance of circular business models (CBMs) across multiple sectors, integrating insights from product design, service innovation, stakeholder engagement, and systemic sustainability frameworks. Drawing on empirical and theoretical studies, the research investigates the mechanisms through which CBMs capture intended environmental and economic value, explores the role of product life cycle extension strategies, and evaluates consumer acceptance as a determinant of successful circularity adoption. Particular emphasis is placed on operationalizing CBMs in contexts such as the fashion industry, construction, consumer goods, and industrial symbiosis networks, highlighting enablers and barriers to implementation. Methodologically, the study synthesizes qualitative case analyses, simulation-driven design methods, and life cycle assessment approaches to provide a holistic understanding of circular systems. Findings indicate that the integration of design-for-circularity principles, closed-loop service models, and systemic value stream thinking significantly enhances both environmental outcomes and commercial viability. The research underscores the importance of strategic stakeholder orchestration, technological enablement, and policy alignment in facilitating the transition toward a circular economy. Limitations include contextual variability in sector-specific applications and the evolving nature of circular measurement frameworks. Future research directions emphasize the need for longitudinal analyses, cross-industry comparative studies, and advanced modeling tools to optimize circular value creation. Overall, this paper contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of circular business models, offering a comprehensive framework for academics, practitioners, and policymakers committed to sustainable innovation.

Circular economy, Circular business models, Sustainable innovation

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