This paper examines the multifaceted relationships among private equity ownership, leverage, operational transformation, and the resolution of financial distress in leveraged buyouts (LBOs). Drawing on foundational theoretical contributions and an extensive empirical literature, the article integrates governance theories of agency and monitoring with evidence on operating performance, investment patterns, bankruptcy processes, and post-distress restructuring under private equity stewardship (Jensen, 1989; Kaplan, 1989; Kaplan, 1991; Kaplan & Strömberg, 2009). Building from productivity and ownership-change studies and contemporary analyses of distress resolution, the paper synthesizes perspectives that explain when private equity sponsors create value and when they raise the risk of distress or fire-sale outcomes (Lichtenberg & Siegel, 1987; Hotchkiss, Stromberg & Smith, 2021; LoPucki & Doherty, 2002; LoPucki & Doherty, 2007). The contribution is a richly elaborated theoretical narrative that connects sponsor incentives, debt design (including payment-in-kind instruments), and legal-institutional environments to firm-level outcomes, while evaluating conflicting empirical findings concerning innovation, long-run investment, and systemic implications for stakeholders including employees, creditors, and consumers (Lerner, Sorensen & Strömberg, forthcoming; Morgenson & Rizzo, 2018; Tykvova & Borell, 2012). The paper also integrates recent sectoral and health-care-related evidence on private equity ownership effects on operational outcomes and quality measures (Borsa et al., 2023) and incorporates new research on PIK amendments and capital-structure outcomes in sponsor-backed LBOs (Shounik, 2025). The discussion emphasizes mechanistic explanations, counterarguments, and boundary conditions that reconcile heterogenous results in the literature and proposes a research agenda to clarify causal pathways linking private equity control, leverage dynamics, and long-run firm value.

The emergence of the circular economy (CE) paradigm has catalyzed a profound transformation in how contemporary industries approach sustainability, resource efficiency, and business model innovation. Circular economy principles, grounded in the reduction, reuse, and recycling of materials, challenge conventional linear economic models, necessitating the exploration of closed-loop supply chains, product life extension, and digital integration. Concurrently, Industry 4.0 technologies—including the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and real-time data analytics—offer unprecedented capabilities for monitoring, optimizing, and transforming resource flows across industrial ecosystems. This study presents a comprehensive synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on circular economy business models, highlighting the mechanisms through which Industry 4.0 facilitates circular practices. Through an extensive review and analysis of case studies across manufacturing, fast-moving consumer goods, electronics, construction, and automotive sectors, the research identifies critical enablers and barriers to circular business model implementation. Key findings reveal that organizations leveraging digital technologies for product tracking, predictive maintenance, and resource recovery are better positioned to capture value from circular operations. Furthermore, collaborative consumption, servitization, and upgradability emerge as dominant strategies for extending product lifecycles and fostering sustainability-driven competitive advantage. The study emphasizes that despite growing momentum, circular business model innovation faces structural, technological, and organizational challenges, including high implementation costs, limited stakeholder engagement, and insufficient regulatory incentives. The paper concludes by offering a conceptual framework for integrating circular economy principles with Industry 4.0 capabilities, providing actionable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to operationalize sustainable and resilient industrial systems.

The article examines the role of digital technologies in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises. The article explores ways to improve business efficiency using artificial intelligence, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and platform ecosystems. A case study and regression model analysis of 12 companies showed that digital tools make a significant contribution to increasing revenue, reducing costs, and expanding market share. A tailored strategy for Uzbekistan is proposed and practical advice is given for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results confirm the need for digital transformation to create a competitive environment.

This article analyzes the growing ideological and informational attacks occurring worldwide, as well as various ideological and spiritual threats. It examines the importance of strengthening the faith and spirituality of our youth and forming the foundations of a healthy worldview in their thinking. In addition, the article discusses the reforms being implemented in the socio-spiritual spheres of our country, the enhancement of young people’s sense of involvement in the ongoing reforms, and the preparation of qualified specialists capable of meeting contemporary requirements.

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most significant medical and social problems of modern healthcare due to the steadily increasing prevalence, high rate of chronic complications, and its substantial impact on patients’ quality of life and life expectancy. Experimental models of diabetes, particularly dexamethasone- and streptozotocin-induced models, are widely used to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease and to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic approaches. The dexamethasone-induced model is characterized by the development of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and disturbances in lipid metabolism, resulting from glucocorticoid-induced suppression of peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin and enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis. In contrast, streptozotocin exerts a cytotoxic effect on pancreatic β-cells, leading to their destruction and the development of relative or absolute insulin deficiency. The combined use of these models allows a more comprehensive reproduction of the key pathogenetic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus and provides deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction.

The article highlights issues related to the selection and recruitment of candidates for public service, the socialization of young employees, and the reduction of social risks. In particular, it provides a theoretical analysis of the principles of candidate selection, as well as the process of identifying talented applicants equipped with modern skills, supported with illustrative examples. The views of candidates entering public service in the context of a market economy are substantiated through social surveys. Additionally, the study examines the adaptation challenges faced by newly recruited young public servants, staff turnover, and the systematic organization of the mentorship institution.

This study investigates modified granulated compound feed incorporating a polymineral feed additive. Based on the actual consumption of compound feed by broiler chickens and its chemical analysis, the intake of nutrients, minerals, and biologically active substances by the birds was calculated. The inclusion of modified compound feed in the diet of broiler chickens contributed to increased body weight gain and improved survival rates. Granulated compound feed containing a polymineral innovative feed additive at a dosage of 2%, when fed to broiler chickens from three to seven weeks of age, had a positive effect on the intensity of poultry growth.

Research has been conducted and the design of a grain mixture grinder has been improved, and the technological parameters of raw material grinding have been optimized. A rotor-ventilator crusher has been developed and proposed for preparing mixed feed and mixing the components of grain additives. Mixing of wet feeds was carried out at the optimal values of the factors found during the study of mixing of dry bulk feeds. Methods for increasing the efficiency of the feed production process and creating optimal airflow conditions in all elements of the mixed feed unit have been substantiated. Dependencies are obtained that allow:

- determine the productivity of pneumatically loaded grain crushers depending on the design of the loading device (ejector);

determine the conditions for introducing grain meal into the grinding chamber of the crusher with rigidly fixed beams, in which the peripheral and end sieves are loaded uniformly.

The rapid convergence of advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and financial technologies has fundamentally restructured the architecture of modern financial services. This transformation is not limited to efficiency gains or automation but extends deeply into how financial institutions conceptualize value creation, customer relationships, decision-making authority, and ethical responsibility. Drawing strictly on the provided interdisciplinary body of literature, this research article develops an extensive theoretical and analytical examination of hyper-personalization in FinTech ecosystems, emphasizing data-driven architectures, machine learning methodologies, and socio-technical consequences. The study situates analytics and AI as core enablers of personalization across financial services, including marketing, wealth management, risk assessment, and consumer engagement. By synthesizing insights from analytics management, FinTech evolution, big data mining, personalization theory, and adjacent domains such as healthcare digitization and participatory platforms, the article identifies a significant literature gap: the absence of an integrated conceptual framework that reconciles technological capability with human, cultural, and ethical dimensions. Using a qualitative, theory-driven methodological approach, the paper offers a detailed descriptive analysis of how personalization systems are designed, operationalized, and experienced. The findings highlight that while hyper-personalization enhances relevance, efficiency, and engagement, it simultaneously intensifies boundary risks related to privacy, emotional manipulation, cultural stigma, and algorithmic opacity. The discussion advances nuanced interpretations, addresses counter-arguments, and outlines future research directions that emphasize responsible personalization, cross-sector learning, and participatory governance. The article concludes that the future of FinTech personalization depends not merely on more data or more powerful algorithms, but on a balanced socio-technical alignment that preserves human agency, trust, and inclusivity within increasingly automated financial environments.