Open Access
Investigating the Impact of Glibenclamide, Catechin, and Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract on Pancreatic Beta Cell Regeneration in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
4
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, Kuwait
4
Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The search for therapeutic strategies that promote β-cell regeneration remains a key focus in diabetes research. This study investigated the potential regenerative effects of glibenclamide, catechin, and Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract on pancreatic β-cells in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate, followed by oral administration of the test agents for a defined treatment period. Biochemical parameters, including fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels, were measured, alongside histological examination of pancreatic tissues. Results revealed that glibenclamide, catechin, and A. indica extract significantly reduced blood glucose and improved insulin secretion compared with untreated diabetic controls. Histopathological analysis indicated notable restoration of β-cell morphology and islet integrity, with A. indica extract and catechin demonstrating synergistic potential comparable to glibenclamide. These findings suggest that catechin and A. indica leaf extract possess promising anti-diabetic and β-cell regenerative properties, offering potential as complementary therapeutic agents in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus,
alloxan-induced rats,
pancreatic β-cell regeneration
References
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. (2022). Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Suppl. 1), S17–S38. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S002
Weir, G. C., & Bonner-Weir, S. (2004). Five stages of evolving beta-cell dysfunction during progression to diabetes. Diabetes, 53(Suppl. 3), S16–S21. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S16
Eguchi, N., Vaziri, N. D., Dafoe, D. C., & Ichii, H. (2021). The role of oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041509
Wang, J., & Wang, H. (2017). Oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cell regeneration. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1930261. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1930261
Yuan, M., Konstantopoulos, N., Lee, J., Hansen, L., Li, Z.-W., Karin, M., & Shoelson, S. E. (2001). Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkβ. Science, 293(5535), 1673–1677. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1061620
Arkan, M. C., Hevener, A. L., Greten, F. R., Maeda, S., Li, Z.-W., Long, J. M., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Poli, G., Olefsky, J., & Karin, M. (2005). IKK-β links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nature Medicine, 11(2), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1185
Assmann, A., Hinault, C., & Kulkarni, R. N. (2009). Growth factor control of pancreatic islet regeneration and function. Pediatric Diabetes, 10(Suppl. 3), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00468.x
Lee, Y.-S., Lee, C., Choung, J.-S., Jung, H.-S., & Jun, H.-S. (2018). Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases β-cell regeneration by promoting α- to β-cell transdifferentiation. Diabetes, 67(12), 2601–2614. https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-0155
Agudo, J., Ayuso, E., Jimenez, V., Salavert, A., Casellas, A., Tafuro, S., Haurigot, V., Ruberte, J., Segovia, J. C., Bueren, J., & Bosch, F. (2008). IGF-I mediates regeneration of endocrine pancreas by increasing beta cell replication through cell cycle protein modulation in mice. Diabetologia, 51(10), 1862–1872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1087-8
Szkudelski, T. (2001). The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiological Research, 50(6), 537–546.
Rorsman, P., & Ashcroft, F. M. (2018). Pancreatic β-cell electrical activity and insulin secretion: Of mice and men. Physiological Reviews, 98(1), 117–214. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00008.2017
Khan, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2018). Tea polyphenols in promotion of human health. Nutrients, 11(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010039
Lan Chi, N. T., Narayanan, M., Chinnathambi, A., Govindasamy, C., Subramani, B., Brindhadevi, K., Pimpimon, T., & Pikulkaew, S. (2022). RETRACTED: Fabrication, characterization, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Azadirachta indica kernel aqueous extract. Environmental Research, 208, 112684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.112684
Chattopadhyay, R. R. (1999). A comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67(3), 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00095-1
Yakubu, T. M., Salau, A. K., Oloyede, O. B., & Akanji, M. A. (2019). Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology, 10(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v10i1.5
Shah, N. A., & Khan, M. R. (2014). Antidiabetic effect of Sida cordata in alloxan induced diabetic rats. BioMed Research International, 2014, 671294. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/671294
Nazir, N., Zahoor, M., Ullah, R., Ezzeldin, E., & Mostafa, G. A. E. (2020). Curative effect of catechin isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. berries for diabetes and related complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats model. Molecules, 26(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010137
Dholi, S. K., Raparla, R., Mankala, S. K., & Nagappan, K. (2011). In vivo antidiabetic evaluation of neem leaf extract in alloxan induced rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2011(Jun 30), 100–105.
Nazir, S., Wani, I. A., & Masoodi, F. A. (2017). Extraction optimization of mucilage from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds using response surface methodology. Journal of Advanced Research, 8(3), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2017.01.003
Diehl, K., Hull, R., Morton, D., Pfister, R., Rabemampianina, Y., Smith, D., Vidal, J., & Vorstenbosch, C. V. D. (2001). A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 21(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.727
Gribble, F. M., & Reimann, F. (2003). Sulphonylurea action revisited: The post-cloning era. Diabetologia, 46(7), 875–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1143-3
Khan, N., & Mukhtar, H. (2013). Tea and health: Studies in humans. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(34), 6141–6147. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319340008
Chattopadhyay, R. R. (2003). Possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract: Part II. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(2–3), 217–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.08.006
Hybertson, B. M., & Gao, B. (2014). Role of the Nrf2 signaling system in health and disease. Clinical Genetics, 86(5), 447–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.12474
Biswas, K., Chattopadhyay, I., Banerjee, R. K., & Bandyopadhyay, U. (2002). Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Science, 82(11), 1336–1345.
Yi, P., Park, J.-S., & Melton, D. A. (2013). RETRACTED: Betatrophin: A hormone that controls pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Cell, 153(4), 747–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.008
Campbell, J. E., & Drucker, D. J. (2013). Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action. Cell Metabolism, 17(6), 819–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.008
How to Cite
Investigating the Impact of Glibenclamide, Catechin, and Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract on Pancreatic Beta Cell Regeneration in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. (2025). Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(09), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55640/
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Afsaneh Heydari, MATERNAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OCD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OCPD TRAITS , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 11 (2024): Volume 03 Issue 11
- Dr. Vivek Priyadarshi, A RARE CASE OF ISCHEMIC PRIAPISM FOLLOWING ALPHA BLOCKER THERAPY , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 10 (2024): Volume 03 Issue 10
- Elena Papadopoulos, INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF URINARY IODINE AND THYROID HORMONE SENSITIVITY ON PREGNANCY HEALTH , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Volume 04 Issue 03
- Dr. Liana V. Petrov, Melatonin's Pro-Apoptotic Efficacy in Mitigating Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Mechanistic Investigation via the BMAL1/ROS/MAPK-p38 Signaling Axis in RAW264.7 Cells , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 11 (2025): Volume 04 Issue 11
- Kateryna Bilyk, THE ROLE OF BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN SHAPING ANIMAL MEMORY FUNCTIONS , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 11 (2024): Volume 03 Issue 11
- Dr. Rafael J. Quintana, Comprehensive Contemporary Perspectives On Convulsive And Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Across The Lifespan: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Timeliness Of Therapy, And Evidence-Based Management , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Volume 05 Issue 02
- Dr. Dennis Grantham, EVALUATING FGF-23 AS A MARKER FOR VULNERABLE CAROTID PLAQUES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 04 (2025): Volume 04 Issue 04
- Dr. Kenji Tanaka, Dr. Kenji Tanaka, A Radiographic and Anatomical Review of Ponticulus Anomalies in the Atlas (C1) Vertebra: Prevalence, Morphology, and Clinical Significance , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): Volume 04 Issue 10
- Dr. Mu-Sheng Zeng, BRD7 Suppresses PD-L1 Expression to Counteract Immune Evasion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 06 (2025): Volume 04 Issue 06
- Kenechi , Gerald Ike, Uju Francisca Onwuegbuzina, Kennedy Oberhiri Obohwemu, Celestine Emeka Ekwuluo, Chika Oguguo, Tochukwu Patrick Ugwueze, Oladipo Vincent Akinmade, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ooju, Ulunma Ikwuoma Mariere, Bumi Jang, Daniel Obande Haruna, Abba Sadiq Usman, Chisom Lucky Emeka, Bartholomew Ituma Aleke, Solomon Atuman, Festus Ituah, Barth Onyekachi Nwokedi, Jerry Soni, Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices on Cervical Cancer Screening and HPV Vaccination Among Women in Southeast Nigeria , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 5 No. 03 (2026): Volume05 Issue03
Similar Articles
- Madhuri Pagariya, DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINED RELEASE SOLID DISPERSION OF GLIMEPIRIDE , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 08 (2024): Volume 03 Issue 08
- Mehtap Tatar, Buket Öztürk, Deniz Aydoğan, Fatih Köse, Ender Dulundu, Şahin Laçin, Feyza Dilber, Mehmet Ali Şendur, Mesut Şeker, Karaca Mustafa, Sezer Sağlam, Birol Yıldız, Erdem Göker, Dane Faysal, Şuayıb Yalçın, Cost of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from the Payer’s Perspective in Türkiye: Results of a Delphi Panel Analysis , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 3 No. 09 (2024): Volume 03 Issue 09
- Mahmoud Arafa, REVOLUTIONIZING ALVEOLAR CLEFT REPAIR: AUTOGENOUS BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 2 No. 06 (2023): Volume 02 Issue 06
- Roshni Divvied, FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MORTALITY AMONG PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL , Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Volume 04 Issue 02
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.