The contemporary landscape of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is characterized by unprecedented complexity, rapid technological shifts, and evolving market dynamics, demanding innovative strategies that leverage organizational knowledge, relational networks, and dynamic capabilities. This research explores the intersection of absorptive capacity, intellectual capital, and strategic business consulting within SMEs, providing a comprehensive, multidimensional framework for enhancing firm performance. Drawing upon extensive theoretical foundations in knowledge management, organizational behavior, and strategic management, the study synthesizes empirical insights, modeling approaches, and practical implications for SME consulting interventions. Central to this inquiry is the recognition that SMEs often operate under constrained resource environments, yet their potential for innovation and adaptive capacity is significant when strategic knowledge mobilization is employed effectively. The analysis critically examines the mechanisms through which absorptive capacity—comprising potential and realized components—and intellectual capital dimensions—human, structural, and relational—interact to create sustained competitive advantage. By integrating Kovalchuk’s (2025) model of business consulting with contemporary perspectives on knowledge sharing, dynamic capabilities, and social capital, the study advances both conceptual and methodological understandings of SME consulting practices. Findings underscore the importance of tailored consulting strategies that enhance knowledge acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation processes while simultaneously fostering collaborative networks and leveraging relational embeddedness. Implications extend to the design of consultancy interventions, policy frameworks supporting SME growth, and the development of future research agendas exploring the co-evolution of knowledge structures and firm performance outcomes. Ultimately, this article provides a rigorous, practice-oriented roadmap for practitioners and scholars seeking to operationalize complex consulting models that align absorptive capacity and intellectual capital with strategic objectives in SMEs.