This research investigates the essential role of diplomatic strategies in the growth of the Gorkha kingdom and the eventual consolidation of Nepal under the leadership of King Prithvi Narayan Shah. The study analyzes Prithvi Narayan Shah's diplomatic approaches, including their objectives, methods, and outcomes. The findings underscore the crucial impact of diplomacy in uniting a historically fragmented region comprising over 50 small states during the medieval period, enabling Gorkha's leadership in the Nepal unification initiative. Prithvi Narayan Shah implemented various diplomatic strategies to achieve his objectives. Recognizing the economic significance of the Kathmandu Valley, he initiated an economic blockade to undermine its stability, increasing discontent among its inhabitants and prompting them to consider aligning with the Gorkhas. The Gorkha state employed a network of spies to manipulate conflicts among the Malla kings of the valley, fostering mistrust and discord, ultimately destabilizing the region, and facilitating unification. Additionally, he maintained ambiguity about his intentions, neither presenting himself as an enemy nor a friend to the British government. This article underscores how these diplomatic endeavors, coupled with strategic military actions, significantly contributed to the expansion of the Gorkha kingdom and the eventual unification of Nepal.

"Unveiling Educational Investment Patterns: Understanding Factors Influencing Family Expenditure in India" investigates the complex dynamics shaping family expenditure on education in the Indian context. This study explores the multifaceted factors influencing educational investment decisions, including socio-economic status, parental education level, household size, regional disparities, and access to educational infrastructure. Using a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative insights, the research provides a nuanced understanding of the determinants driving variations in educational spending across different demographic groups and geographical regions in India. By unraveling these factors, policymakers and stakeholders can formulate targeted interventions to enhance educational access and affordability, thereby fostering equitable opportunities for all segments of society.

Navigating the intricacies of museum collection management within the structured confines of the Brazilian Army, this paper presents a unique yet compelling avenue for exploring the intersection of military discipline and cultural preservation. It delves into the intricacies of museum collection management within the structured and disciplined environment of the Brazilian Army, overseen by the Directorate of Historical and Cultural Heritage. Its primary objective is to shed light on the directorate's endeavours, including the challenges it faces in aligning with museological legislation and its pivotal role in curating the military museological collection. Both achievements and daily hurdles are examined in detail. Through a blend of bibliographical research and case studies, the paper was meticulously crafted, harnessing their synergy to yield comprehensive insights and facilitate robust discussions. The findings underscore the presence of proactive initiatives within the museum landscape, offering viable solutions to challenges encountered by various cultural institutions nationwide. It emphasises the importance of standardising methodologies and procedures, fostering collaboration among interdisciplinary professionals to disseminate operational tools effectively. These policies not only inform day-to-day practices but also provide valuable guidance for decision-making, serving as a crucial resource for professionals and students in the military museological cultural field and cultural managers nationwide, while also highlighting the Army's significant contribution to Brazil's cultural landscape. This analysis serves as a bridge to diverse audiences, seeking to narrow the gap between the institution and society, while reinforcing the notion that our national heritage is a collective treasure.

Niger Republic is a country rich in mineral resources (uranium) with astounding and complex relationship with the West, a strategic country provided with supports and collaboration with the West (United States of America) when it comes to fight against terrorism in Africa. Relatively enjoying a stable civilian government before the seemingly unexpected military coup struck and pull out the roots of civilian government and short-lived the democratic government in power. This study aims at; identifying and examining the factors responsible for military coups in West Africa States and Niger republic in 2023, examining the interventions and reactions of Nigerian Government and Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) and other international organizations towards the Military Coup in Niger Republic, identifying and assessing the implications of the Niger coup on Nigeria national peace, security and socio-economic development as a neighboring State and Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) in general.  In this study, the Resource Curse Theory was used as the theoretical framework of analysis. The data used in this study are primarily and secondarily sourced. The interview was tailored towards eliciting information from key informants, including historians, political scientists, peace and conflict experts, international relations experts, diplomats, staff of foreign affairs ministry and other stakeholders. Secondary data were sourced from publications, editorials, articles, textbooks, journals, newspapers, internet materials in relations to the subject matter. The research work established the fact that security and welfare of the people which is the primary purpose and responsibility of the government has not been adequately attended to due to leadership failure and indiscipline among the political class. However, because of the far-reaching implications of the coup for national life and ECOWAS States at large, the study therefore, recommended, among other things, that all parties involved must embrace peace and come together in order to resolve the matter in a manner that will further promote peace and development in the sub-region.