This study examines the critical relationship between corporate governance and the sustainability of pension funds in Nigeria. As the nation grapples with economic volatility and demographic shifts, the need for robust governance structures in pension management has become increasingly paramount. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative data from pension fund performance metrics and qualitative interviews with industry stakeholders, to assess the effectiveness of corporate governance frameworks. The findings reveal that strong governance practices, including transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement, significantly enhance pension fund performance and sustainability. Conversely, weaknesses in governance often lead to mismanagement, reduced investor confidence, and ultimately threaten the financial security of retirees. This study provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, pension fund managers, and corporate boards to strengthen governance frameworks, ensuring the long-term viability and resilience of Nigeria’s pension system.