This study explores the impact of Bertolt Brecht’s theatrical theories on Girish Karnad’s plays Hayavadana and Yayati. Brecht’s principles of epic theatre, particularly his emphasis on alienation effects and social critique, provide a lens through which Karnad’s works can be examined. The analysis focuses on how Karnad incorporates Brechtian techniques to challenge traditional narrative forms and engage audiences in a critical reflection on societal issues. Through a detailed examination of character development, plot structure, and thematic content, this study reveals how Karnad adapts Brechtian elements to address cultural and existential concerns within the Indian context. By juxtaposing Brecht’s theoretical framework with Karnad’s dramaturgical innovations, the study underscores the dynamic interplay between Eastern and Western theatrical traditions and highlights the evolving nature of modern theatre.

The paper explores the geopolitical factors influencing Nepal, which significantly contribute to opportunities for cross-border crime and thereby pose both internal and external security risks. It identifies different interest groups, both visible and hidden, operating within Nepal, each with their own agendas that unintentionally create opportunities for organized criminal networks. The study employs secondary data, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, to examine this issue.

In its findings, the paper underscores how Nepal's strategic location and its relationships with neighboring countries influence the proliferation of cross-border criminal activities. It emphasizes the interplay of supply and demand factors involving Nepal and its neighbors, demonstrating how geopolitical considerations contribute to the facilitation of organized crime through and within Nepal. The research also highlights how changing political and economic conditions in the region, combined with geographical factors, create fertile ground for the operations of organized criminal networks in Nepal. In essence, the study reveals that Nepal's geopolitical landscape, shaped by its relationships with neighboring states and internal interest dynamics, plays a crucial role in exacerbating cross-border crime, thereby impacting both national security and regional stability

This study delves into the legal basis of land ownership, examining the foundational principles and regulatory frameworks that underpin property rights. Land ownership is a complex and multifaceted area of law, shaped by historical precedents, statutory regulations, and judicial interpretations. This research explores the core legal principles governing land ownership, including the concept of property rights, methods of acquiring and transferring ownership, and the role of government regulations and property law doctrines.

The study provides a comprehensive analysis of key legal concepts such as title, deed, and land tenure systems, highlighting how these elements interact to establish and protect ownership rights. It also examines various legal mechanisms for resolving disputes and enforcing property rights, including the role of courts and administrative bodies. By reviewing case law, statutory provisions, and scholarly literature, this research aims to offer a clear understanding of the legal structures that define land ownership and their practical implications. The findings reveal how legal principles are applied in different jurisdictions and the impact of evolving legal standards on land ownership practices. This study contributes to a deeper comprehension of property law, providing valuable insights for legal professionals, policymakers, and scholars interested in the dynamics of land ownership and property rights.

This paper explores the relevance of the noetic dimension in understanding the experience of abandonment lived by 15 girls sheltered at Fundação Casa de Nazaré, in Pernambuco. Based on the contributions of Edith Stein and Viktor Frankl, phenomenology and logotherapy, it seeks to analyze how the search for meaning can help these young girls rebuild their lives and find a place in the world. The qualitative data analysis technique used derived from Logotherapy, using two instruments: the Purpose in Life Test (PIL Test) and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), in addition to semi-structured interviews. The objectives of the study were: to analyze the experience of abandonment from the perspective of phenomenology and logotherapy; to investigate the relevance of the noetic dimension in the construction of identity and the search for meaning in life; and to evaluate the potential of religious and community practices as resources for overcoming trauma and fostering personal development.