eISSN: 2791-173X editor@grpublishing.org
All Journals
Submit your article

Global Multidisciplinary Journal

Open Access Peer Review International
Open Access

Lifestyle Triad, Energy Deficiency, And Dark Personality Traits: A Multidimensional Analysis of Stress, Diet, Exercise, And Psychological Health Among Emerging Adults

DOI
PDF
Diana Whitmore 1 ,
4 Department of Behavioral Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Abstract

The interplay between lifestyle behaviors and psychological traits has become an increasingly significant area of inquiry, particularly among emerging adults navigating academic, social, and physiological transitions. This study examines the multidimensional relationship between stress levels, dietary habits, exercise patterns, and underlying psychological constructs, including the Dark Triad personality traits and the concept of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Drawing upon a synthesis of contemporary literature, this research integrates perspectives from sports medicine, behavioral psychology, and public health to provide a comprehensive understanding of how lifestyle imbalances contribute to both physical and mental health outcomes. Evidence suggests that inadequate energy intake relative to expenditure, as conceptualized in RED-S, is associated with physiological dysfunctions and psychological disturbances. Concurrently, stress and maladaptive coping strategies are linked to unhealthy dietary patterns and reduced physical activity. The presence of Dark Triad traits further complicates these relationships by influencing behavioral tendencies, emotional regulation, and social interactions. The study critically evaluates theoretical frameworks, empirical findings, and methodological challenges, highlighting inconsistencies and gaps in current research. The findings underscore the need for integrative models that account for biological, psychological, and social determinants of health. This research contributes to the growing discourse on holistic well-being and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing complex health challenges among young adults.

Keywords

Lifestyle triad, stress, dietary habits, exercise patterns, RED-S

References

📄 Agarwal R, Usharani B. Indian College Students Lifestyle Triad: Exploring Prevalence and Association among Stress Level, Dietary Habits and Exercise Patterns. MSW Management Journal. 2026.
📄 Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, Ackerman KE, Blauwet C, Constantini N, et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2018.
📄 Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, Carter S, Constantini N, Lebrun C, et al. The IOC consensus statement: beyond the female athlete triad - relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014.
📄 De Souza MJ, Strock NCA, Ricker EA, Koltun KJ, Barrack M, Joy E, et al. The path towards progress: a critical review to advance the science of the female and male athlete triad and relative energy deficiency in sport. Sports Medicine. 2022.
📄 Jeukendrup AE, Areta JL, Van Genechten L, Langan-Evans C, Pedlar CR, Rodas G, et al. Does relative energy deficiency in sport syndrome exist? Sports Medicine. 2024.
📄 Williams NI, Koltun KJ, Strock NCA, De Souza MJ. Female athlete triad and relative energy deficiency in sport: a focus on scientific rigor. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2019.
📄 Koltun KJ, Strock NCA, Southmayd EA, Oneglia AP, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Comparison of Female Athlete Triad Coalition and RED-S risk assessment tools. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2019.
📄 De Souza MJ, Williams NI, Nattiv A, Joy E, Misra M, Loucks AB, et al. Misunderstanding the female athlete triad: refuting the IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014.
📄 Areta JL, Jeukendrup AE, Van Genechten L, Langan-Evans C, Pedlar CR, Rodas G, et al. Limited empirical support for relative energy deficiency in sport syndrome. Sports Medicine. 2025.
📄 Otis CL, Drinkwater B, Johnson M, Loucks A, Wilmore J. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: the Female Athlete Triad. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1997.
📄 An Y, Yang Y, Wang A, Li Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Qin MZ, An FR, Xiang YT. Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses during COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020.
📄 Babore A, Lombardi L, Viceconti ML, Pignataro S, Marino V, Crudele M, Candelori C, Bramanti SM, Trumello C. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals. Psychiatry Research. 2020.
📄 Balch CM, Shanafelt TD, Sloan JA, Satele DV, Freischlag JA. Distress and career satisfaction among surgical specialties. Annals of Surgery. 2011.
📄 Jonason PK, Li NP, Webster GD, Schmitt DP. The costs and benefits of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010.
📄 Jonason PK, et al. Psychological, social, and physical health costs associated with the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015.
📄 Ng HKS, et al. Narcissism and psychological health: coping flexibility evidence. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014.
📄 Pabian S, et al. Dark Triad personality traits and adolescent cyber-aggression. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015.
📄 Paulhus DL, Williams KM. The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences.

How to Cite

Diana Whitmore. (2026). Lifestyle Triad, Energy Deficiency, And Dark Personality Traits: A Multidimensional Analysis of Stress, Diet, Exercise, And Psychological Health Among Emerging Adults. Global Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(03), 39-44. https://www.grpublishing.org/journals/index.php/gmj/article/view/416

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 > >> 

Similar Articles

1-10 of 53

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.