Human rights are the basic liberties and freedoms to which all people are entitled, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, or religion. They represent the foundation of justice, equality, and human dignity. In Nepal, these rights are protected and promoted by the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), an independent agency formed to defend people' rights. This study explores the NHRC's legal mission and powers, with a particular emphasis on its role in defending human rights across the country. The research intends to examine the NHRC's structure, evaluate its efficacy in promoting and defending human rights, and examine the constitutional provisions that regulate its establishment and administration. This research takes a historical, exploratory, and analytical approach, drawing on secondary data sources such as Nepal's constitutions, books, journals, and articles. It examines the history of the NHRC and assesses how successfully it has addressed human rights concerns in Nepal's complicated sociopolitical situation. The purpose of this research is to provide a more in-depth knowledge of the NHRC's effect and make recommendations for improving its role in human rights protection.

Human Rights, Constitution, NHRC, UDHR, Democracy

Adhikari, B. (2004). Building capacity of national human rights institutions: The case of Nepal. Right to Education Foundation.

Asrafuzzaman, A. B. M. (2020). Strengthening the National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh through a Legislative Amendment to Fulfill its Commitments Under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Dhaka Univ. LJ, 31, 143.

Awasthi, L. D., Turin, M., & Yadava, Y. P. (2022). Challenges in the acknowledgement and implementation of linguistic human rights in Nepal. The Handbook of Linguistic Human Rights, 551-559.

Bhandari, S. D. (2015). The role of national human rights institutions in ending impunity for human rights abuses during conflict: the case of Nepal (Doctoral dissertation).

Birgit, L., Lone, L., & Kristine, Y. (Eds.). (2000). National Human Rights Institutions: Articles and Working Papers. Danish Institute of Human Rights.

Dhakal, D. (2024). Human Rights in Nepal: An Analysis. Available at SSRN 4740703.

Donnelly, J., & Whelan, D. J. (2020). International human rights. Routledge.

Durbach, A. (2009). Human rights commissions in times of trouble and transition: The case of

Giri, S. K. (2022). Role of the National Human Rights Commission for the Protection of Human Rights in Nepal. Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(1), 144-159.

Giri, S. K. (2023). The Rule of Law Under the Constitution of Nepal. Gyan Jyoti, 3(1), 71-80.

Guragain, G. P., Kafle, D. R., Mallik, S. K., & Adhikari, B. S. (2024). Human Rights in Nepal's Democracy: Achieving Best Practices. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(4), 237-247.

Hewlett, S. A. (1979). Human rights and economic realities: tradeoffs in historical perspective. Political Science Quarterly, 94(3), 453-473.

Hunt, L. (2007). Inventing human rights: A history. WW Norton & Company.

in the Asia Pacific Conference, University of Sydney, Australia.

Ishay, M. (2004). What are human rights? Six historical controversies. Journal of Human Rights, 3(3), 359-371.

Ishay, M. (2008). The history of human rights: From ancient times to the globalization era. Univ of California Press.

Khanal, B. (2006). Human Rights and Development. Anjusha Publication

Kori, S. R. (2018). Historical Development of Human Rights. International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages, 6(9), 64-71.

Langford, M., & Jones, P. (2011). Between demos and ethnos: the Nepal constitution and indigenous rights. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 18(3), 369-386.

Meyer, D. S. (2012). National human rights institutions, opportunities and activism. In Goodman, & T. Pegram, (Eds.). Human Rights, State Compliance and Social Change: Assessing National Human Rights Institutions. Cambridge University Press.

national institutions in divided societies. International Council on Human Rights Policy Nepal Law Review, 13, 270-278.

Neupane, M. (2018). Implementation of the principles of right to information in Nepal: expectations and challenges. Available at SSRN 3422866.

Normand, R., & Zaidi, S. (2008). Human rights at the UN: The political history of universal justice. Indiana University Press.

Nowak, M. (2013). National human rights institutions in Europe: Comparative, European and international perspectives. In J. Wouters, & K. Meuwissen. (Eds.). National Human Rights Institutions in Europe-Comparative European and International Perspectives. Cambridge.

Parajuli, D. N. (2013). Human rights law and Yogyakarta principle: A comparative analysis.

Parlevliet, M. (2006). National Human Rights Institutions and peace agreements: Establishing

Pathak, B. (2005). Politics of people's war and human rights in Nepal. Kathmandu: Bimipa Publications.

Rawski, F., & Sharma, M. (2012). A comprehensive peace? Lessons from human rights monitoring in

Nepal. Nepal in Transition: from People’s War to fragile peace, 175-200.

Shrestha, B. N. (2022). NCWA Annual Journal

Tamata, T. (2017). A Theoretical Overview of the National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) and other like- minded Commissions in Nepal. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, 240.the National Human Rights Commission of Nepal [Conference session]. Human Rights

The Constitution Nepal, (2072) Kathmandu:Nepal Law Commission (Retrieved from: www.lawcommission.gov.np)

The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 Kathmandu:Nepal Law Commission (Retrieved from: www.lawcommission.gov.np)

The Constitution of Kingdom of Nepal, 2047 Kathmandu:Nepal Law Commission (Retrieved from: www.lawcommission.gov.np)

Tripathi, H. B. (2015). Fundamental Rights: Some Reflections on the Present Constitutional Discourse in Nepal. NJA LJ, 9, 31..